The Relationship Between Parent-Child Communication Patterns and Adolescent Self-Confidence: A Systematic Literature Review
Keywords:
parent-child communication, adolescent self-confidence, family communication, democratic communication, systematic literature reviewAbstract
This study examines how parent–child communication patterns contribute to adolescent self-confidence through a systematic literature review. Although previous studies have linked family communication with adolescent psychological development, existing findings remain fragmented and insufficiently emphasize the communication mechanisms that shape confidence. This review therefore synthesizes recent literature to clarify patterns, mechanisms, and implications for adolescent development. Articles published between 2016 and 2026 were identified from Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and Sinta using keywords related to parent–child communication, parenting style, verbal interaction, adolescent self-concept, and psychological adjustment. Studies were selected based on predetermined inclusion criteria, including relevance to adolescents, focus on family communication, and empirical or theoretical contribution; duplicate, non-peer-reviewed, and irrelevant studies were excluded. The selected literature was analyzed using thematic synthesis. The findings show that open, democratic, supportive, and empathic communication strengthens adolescent self-confidence by promoting emotional security, perceived competence, autonomy, and a sense of being valued. In contrast, authoritarian, dismissive, and verbally aggressive communication weakens confidence through fear of evaluation, self-doubt, social withdrawal, and negative self-perception. The review highlights emotional validation, active listening, and reciprocal dialogue as key mechanisms linking family communication and adolescent confidence.
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