Assessing the Need and Availability of Urban Green Open Space Using NDVI and GIS: Evidence from Kaliwungu Urban Area, Kendal Regency, Indonesia
Keywords:
green open space, NDVI, GIS, vegetation density, urban planning, kaliwunguAbstract
This study analyzes the demand and availability of green open space (GOS) in the Kaliwungu Urban Area, Kendal Regency, Indonesia. Although Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) are widely used in GOS studies, research integrating multitemporal vegetation dynamics with spatial planning evaluation in rapidly urbanizing and industrializing areas remains limited. This study employs a quantitative descriptive approach using GIS, Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS imagery from 2014, 2019, and 2024, field observations, and overlay analysis with the 2023 Detailed Spatial Plan. The results show that potential GOS declined from 452.49 ha in 2014 to 266.77 ha in 2024. In 2024, available GOS covered only 173.75 ha, representing 17% of the urban area and falling below the minimum 30% standard. This deficit may reduce environmental quality and urban sustainability. The findings provide a spatial basis for prioritizing GOS development and controlling land conversion to support sustainable urban planning.
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