Layered Morphology and Segregated Urban Growth in Colonial Port Cities in Urban Morphology Semarang

Abstract

This study examines the layered urban morphology of Semarang through historical spatial mapping from the fourteenth to the early twentieth century. While previous studies have investigated specific periods or physical aspects of Semarang’s development, limited attention has been given to the long-term interaction of successive urban layers in shaping the city’s morphology. Using a qualitative historical-spatial approach, historical maps, colonial archives, and narrative records were analyzed through comparative temporal interpretation to identify patterns of settlement distribution, infrastructure development, and spatial control. The findings reveal three major phases of urban formation: pre-colonial maritime morphology, fortified colonial structuring, and urban expansion characterized by socio-spatial segregation. The emergence of ethnic enclaves and infrastructure networks illustrates how political power and economic functions produced a layered and fragmented urban landscape. This study contributes to urban morphology scholarship by proposing urban layering as a conceptual framework for understanding the persistence of historical spatial structures in port cities and informing conservation-based urban planning strategies.